3月26日,在亚洲青年领袖论坛金融与投资主题论坛上,贝克资本董事长兼 CEO、阿波罗股权投资俱乐部创始理事长张克发表了主旨演讲。
全文如下:
首先,感谢亚洲青年领袖论坛的邀请,今天我和大家分享的题目是:倡导“独立决策、联审联投”的联合投资机制来拥抱资本与科技结合共同进行的中国时代。我和眭立总有所不同,眭总非常强调广汽的发展规划,我这里和大家分享的是一个总体的思想。我的演讲包括四个部分。
第一部分:二十世纪众所周知是美国的时代,可以说在美国的时代里登月是一次重要的里程碑,是在整个美国的时代一个投入200亿产出4.8万亿的历史事件。可以说在登月奠定美国时代的同时,阿波罗24倍的收益也堪称是美国政府投资引导科技的经典案例。就像阿姆斯特朗所说的:太空一小步,人类一大步。但是,在过去的2010年以后,中国快速成长使得我们看到了,美国的资本市场在100年期间发生的改变很可能在中国重新出现。
二十一世纪,我所看到的是,中国的时代已经到来。我引用的数据是胡润全球独角兽排行榜。2019年、2020、2021年,在全球范围内,中美两国的独角兽企业的个数大约占据了75%~80%,美国独角兽企业的个数略多一点,但是中国的独角兽企业的体量平均要高出35%~40%的市值。
可以说,我们体会到中国发展时代脉搏的时候,我们仍然要时刻保持一种醍醐警醒。一方面,作为世界工厂,中国是全球最大的生产商和分销商。但是,尽管我们的二氧化碳产出量已经占到相当程度,但是我们几乎在一夜之间发现还面临很多卡脖子的过程。2021年以来的变化:新冠、战争等等,最重要的是美中之间的科技脱钩。但是,在整个市场上,我们所看到的是一种史无前例的对科技的投资,从4600亿到7300亿,是一种登峰造极的量级。
然而,两次人类航天事故告诉我们,投资不是随随便便就能成功。1986年挑战者号的失败原因以及17年后哥伦比号失败的原因,都是非常小的事故造成的。成功不是偶然的,偶然不是成功的,用一个简单的数学公式来总结,成功的概率是二分之一的N次方,这是很可怕的数学归纳,而这种数学归纳告诉我们当N大于27的时候,成功概率非常之低,而这使得我们看到的是投资成功的绝对非对称性。
那么,我们应该建立怎样的生态?在这方面,同行是冤家吗?不应该。 “同行是冤家”这句话貌似有理,实则偏狭。它给大家带来的影响是相互侵蚀、彼此内卷。在这里是我今天的主题:各机构之间独立决策,跨机构联审联投。这是我在国外工作30年之后,体会200年国际商业的历史,使得我们看到,这种方式既对投资机构非常有利,同时也对被投资企业非常有利。投资是从感性走向理性最后回归感性的过程。所以,这种机制是让共同理性最大限度地施以主导,让回归感性行稳致远。
这是贝克在整个中国三个业务渠道,以及我们的审查,包括携手央国企践行联审联投的机制,这是我们所投资的阶段以及我们的战略资源,包括董秘百人会,包括北京金融监管科技研究院,包括科创中国以及阿波罗股权投资俱乐部。
那么,我想和大家分享的是,用负责任的理性思维和生态机制抗击、抵制不负责任的内卷和躺平。可以说,滴水难为海,独木难成林,单打独斗的时代已经过去,唯有生态协作共赢才能够持续发展。士不可以不弘毅,任重而道远。积之不久,发之不宏,我们一起来拥抱资本和科技结合共进的中国时代。
最后,感谢今天大会的邀请。投资是一门科学的艺术,非常有益于防治老年痴呆。感谢邀请,相逢是缘,大家江湖再见。谢谢大家!
Blake Zhang calls for Joint Investment Mechanism of Independent Decision-Making and Joint Review and Investment to Embrace the Chinese Era of Synchronized Progress in Capital and Technology
On 26 March, Blake Zhang, chairperson and CEO of Blake Capital and founding chairperson of UIBE Apollo Equity Investment Club, delivered a keynote speech at the Finance and Investment Forum of the Asia Youth Leaders Forum. Following is the full text of the speech.
Thanks for inviting me to the Asia Youth Leaders Forum. The topic I’m going to share with you is Advocating the Joint Investment Mechanism of Independent Decision-Making and Joint Review and Investment to Embrace the Chinese Era of Synchronized Progress in Capital and Technology. My perspective differs from that of Ms. Xu Li. Ms. Xu emphasized the development plans of GAC. What I am sharing with you here is an overall idea. My speech consists of four parts.
The first part focuses on the 20th century, which is widely known as the US era. It can be said that moon landing was an important milestone during this era. In the entire US era, an investment of USD200 billion to a profit of USD4.8 trillion, this is historic. The moon landing not only established the US era but, with 24 times of return from the Apollo program, turned out to be a classic case of the US Government guiding technological investment. As Armstrong said, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” However, since 2010, China’s rapid growth has made us realize changes in the US capital market for the past century could repeat themselves in China.
What I see in the 21st century and what I will share with you is that the era of China has arrived. To support this argument, I have referred to data from the Hurun Global Unicorn List. As you can see, from 2019 to 2021, the number of unicorns in China and the US accounted for about 75% to 80% of the global total. While the US has slightly more unicorns, the market value of Chinese unicorns is 35% to 40% higher on average.
This shows that when we feel the pulse of China’s era of development, we should always remain vigilant. On one hand, China is known as the world’s factory, as was mentioned by Eric earlier. China is the largest producer and distributor globally. However, despite our considerable proportion of carbon dioxide emissions, we have discovered overnight that we are still facing many constraints. I won’t go into detail about the changes since 2021, such as the pandemic, war, and most importantly, the technological decoupling between the US and China. But in the entire market, what we saw was an unprecedented high level of investment in technology, from USD460 billion to USD730 billion. It reached the pinnacle.
Yet, two space accidents have taught us that the success of investment is not achieved easily. The Challenger disaster in 1986 and the Columbia disaster 17 years later were both caused by minor incidents. Success is not accidental. Chances do not guarantee success. I can summarize this with a simple formula: the probability of success is one-half raised to the power of N. This is a terrifying mathematical induction. And it tells us that when N is larger than 27, the probability of success is extremely low. And what we see is the absolute asymmetry of investment success.
Then what kind of ecosystem should we establish? Should competitors be enemies in this field? They shouldn’t be. Competitors being enemies may seem reasonable, but it’s biased and actually leads to mutual erosion and unnecessary competition. This brings me to today’s topic: independent decision-making among institutions and cross-institution joint review and joint investment. After working abroad for 30 years and reviewing the 200-year history of international business, we believe this method is highly beneficial for both investment institutions and invested companies. Investment goes from being driven by sentiment to rationality, and finally returning to being driven by sentiment. Therefore, this mechanism allows collective rationality to take the lead to the greatest extent, ensuring a steady and far-reaching development while remaining rooted in sentiment.
These are what we do in China. This is our three main businesses. This is our review philosophy, including what we do with central SOEs to implement the joint review and investment mechanism. This is our investment stages and spectrum. Here, our strategic resources, including the Board Secretaries 100, Frontier Institute of Regulation and Supervision Technology, Innovation China, and UIBE Apollo Equity Investment Club.
In summary, I would like to emphasize the need for responsible and rational thinking and ecosystem mechanisms to resist irresponsible competitions and passiveness. It’s said that a drop of water doesn’t make an ocean, and a single tree doesn’t form a forest. The era of going it alone is gone, and only through ecosystem mentality, cooperation, and mutual benefit can we achieve sustainable development. Man should be broad-minded and resolute, for he has taken an arduous task and long course. Without accumulation and dedication, one cannot achieve great things. Let us embrace this Chinese era of joint advancement of capital and technology.
In conclusion, I would like to express my gratitude for the Forum’s invitation. Investment is a scientific art that is very effective against dementia. Thanks again for the invitation. Fate has brought us here. May we meet again. Thank you all.