3月25日，在亚洲青年领袖论坛健康与医疗主题论坛平行对话中，华大集团CEO尹烨发表了自己的观点。
摘录如下：
谈科技的发展和健康医疗之间的关系以及科技创新如何真正助力医疗健康的发展
在原始社会，人类的平均预期寿命是16岁。古罗马时期是28岁。到1900年，全球人均预期寿命大概是30岁。1949年，中国人均预期寿命不到39岁。今天，中国人的平均寿命是78.2岁，相信在广州市应该已经超过82岁。为什么在短短100年之内人类预期寿命有如此大的提升？答案是科技。
第一个是1928年弗兰明发生了抗生素，后来在二战以后广泛使用。抗生素让人类预期寿命大概延长了10岁左右，特别是基于新生儿感染和死亡。当然更重要的发明是疫苗。1796年，琴纳发现了牛痘。然而真正疫苗的发明是1885年的巴斯德发明现代疫苗。疫苗让人民平均预期寿命增加了30岁。这其中最重要的，其实是在新冠疫情中大放异彩的先进技术的mRNA疫苗等等。我相信下一个重要的关键点就是基因检测，大规模的核酸检测、基因检测可以使得人类有机会远离遗传病，远离中晚期的恶性肿瘤等等。
谈一项好的医疗技术从发明到真正普及、普惠所经历的阶段及具备的要素
在2008年的时候，提出来“4P医学”，强调个性化医学。到了2014年、2015年，开始讨论精准医学，奥巴马当时提出来，全世界都点燃了。但是带来一个很大的问题，精准医学有一个不好的倾向，开始变成“精英医学”。比如，我们刚才讲的一些技术在一开始上市时候很贵，它可能带来下一个问题，历史上，我们从来没有让生命不平等过。换言之，我们今天的技术，如果可以让一部分人开始考虑长命百岁，甚至永生——这样的话题其实已经有很多讨论——包括他们的后代，可以进行更好的定制，这背后有巨大的伦理、法律和风险的问题，所以我想这是现在医疗界乃至科技界很警惕的内容。
其实人类跟疾病斗争了很久，或者说我们一直在一个动态平衡当中。从世卫组织角度来讲，在全世界消灭的第一个疾病就是人天花。不是简单的天花，天花还有牛天花、猴痘、痘苗，所以只是消灭了人类的天花。怎么消灭的呢？实际上是通过全人类一起行动，把一个简单的技术让所有人用得起、用得上。所以，我最终再去看天花历史的时候，觉得还蛮有意思的。第一个是中国在1950年抗美援朝的时候，当时周总理就同步下令中国开始免费接种天花，跟这几年我们讨论的“人民至上、生命至上、群防群控”是非常接近的，所以中国在1960年左右的时候已经基本告别了天花，领先世卫宣布天花灭绝19年的时间。但是全世界有将近200个国家和地区，他们是怎么消灭天花的？后来要感谢一大群无国界医生去到了一些我们今天讨论的这些全世界的老远边穷的地区，一个一个去帮助孩子注射疫苗。我想在这个过程中我们解决了我们的成本可控，还有解决的就是它的技术可及。这一部分医务人员大医之心是非常关键的。
这其中还有最后一个问题：在这三年多疫情当中，我看到另外一个特别不想看到的现象，就是阴谋论。我们听到大量的关于一些正确技术的曲解和歪曲，使得好多的疾病没有办法得到合适的治疗，比如说疫苗该不该打。这个问题在很多地方快吵得跟转基因的问题一样了，但是它可能带来的问题是麻疹开始抬头。脊髓灰质炎，世卫很悲惨地写了一句话：“它可能是唯一的一个我们人类有办法根除却无法根除的疾病，因为家长选择不接种脊髓灰质炎——小儿麻痹症——的疫苗。”
所以，在我看来，上面三个条件都很正确。第一，通过技术让成本可控。第二，通过我们的政府组织实施让渠道可及。这个时候，我们讨论的已经不再是治疗，而是公共卫生，强调的是关口前移、防大于治。最后一个，让大家有正确的医学认识，加强大众教育，我们称之为认知正确。这三个条件是我看到一个真正全球性的技术科技普及的关键。
谈在当前复杂的国际环境下我们怎样更有效地开展国际医疗合作
现在还是“大流行” 还没有降到“流行”，世卫还没说。但这三年，我们所有人类都得到了一个教训：如果我们不分享公共卫生产品，病毒就必然共享世界。从这个意义上讲，今年是“一带一路”的十年，也是人类命运共同体的十年。我觉得，更多中国的企业应该用自己先进的技术或者可及的技术积极地走出去，而且不能够只是给人一条鱼，应该积极做好技术的转移转化，教人如何钓鱼。在这个过程中，只有全人类的健康得到确保，每个国家的健康才能够被确保。
用一句话总结对医疗健康领域未来发展的最大期待
世界是你们的，也是我们的，归根结底是那些身体好、活得久的人的。过好今天，怎么过今天，就怎么过今生。谢谢！
Yin Ye discusses how scientific and technological innovation empowers healthcare development
On 25 March, Yin Ye, CEO of BGI Group, shared his thoughts at the Health and Medical Care Forum of the Asia Youth Leaders Forum. Following is an excerpt from his speech.
Question: What is the relationship between scientific and technological development and health care? How is scientific and technological development empowering the development of health care?
In primitive times, one's life expectancy was 16 years on average. In ancient Rome, it was 28 years. By 1900, the global average life expectancy reached 30 years. In 1949, the Chinese average life expectancy was less than 39 years. Today, this figure is 78.2. I believe it has exceeded 82 in Guangzhou. How, in such a short span of a century, do we make such big improvement in average life expectancy? Technology.
The first is antibiotics, discovered in 1928 by Fleming and widely used after World War II. Antibiotics extended human’s life expectancy by about ten years, particularly in preventing newborn infection and mortality. Of course, the more important invention is vaccines. In 1796 Jenner discovered cowpox. But the real development of a vaccine was the modern vaccine by Pasteur in 1885. Vaccines extended human's life expectancy by 30 years. Most important is actually what shone during the COVID pandemic: advanced vaccines such as mRNA vaccines. I believe the next milestone is genetic testing. Large-scale PCR test and genetic testing enable humans to stay away from hereditary diseases and later stage cancers.
Question: What are the phases and what factors and conditions are needed for a good medical technology to go from invention to universal availability?
In 2008, the concept of 4P medicine came to be, which emphasizes personalized medicine. When it came to 2014 or 2015, there was discussion of precision medicine. When Obama put it forward, the whole world was ignited. However, there was a side effect. A not-so-good trend in precision medicine was that it started to become elite medicine. For examples, some technologies that we mentioned were expensive when they first appeared on the market. Then the problem it carries could go against the fact that we have never made lives unequal throughout history. In other words, if our existing technologies enable certain groups of people to consider longevity or even eternity – there has been many discussions actually – or to tailor how their offspring could be, there are huge ethical and legal risks. Therefore, I think this is what the medical sector and the scientific and technological sector are weary of.
Actually humans have long fought against diseases. Or the two have always been in a dynamic equilibrium. According to the World Health Organization, the first disease we eradicate worldwide is smallpox. Not the general variola virus. There is still cowpox, monkeypox, and vaccinia. We only eradicate smallpox. How? Actually it was through joint action by all humanity: to make a simple technology affordable and accessible to everyone. When I looked at the history of smallpox, I found it to be quite interesting. The first case was during the Korea War in 1950 when Premiere Zhou decreed a free smallpox vaccination in China. That was similar to the recent philosophy of putting people first and lives first and carrying out united prevention and control. As a result, in 1960 China basically bid smallpox farewell, 19 years earlier than WHO's eradication declaration. But there are nearly 200 countries and regions around the world. How did they eradicate smallpox? It was all thanks to Doctors without Frontiers, who went to what we consider remote and poor areas around the world to help vaccinate the children. So I think in this process, we addressed the affordability and the accessibility issues. The calling of these medical personnel is crucial.
There is still a last problem. During the past three years of COVID, I noticed another phenomenon that repels me, which is conspiracy theories. We heard lots of disinformation about correct technologies, which made patients hesitant about receiving the appropriate treatment, for example, whether to get vaccinated or not. In many places, this question has become one that's similar to the transgene debate. However, here's the side effect: measles is on the rise. As for polio, WHO tragically described it as maybe the only disease that we humans are able to eradicate but fail to do so because parents choose not to vaccinate their children against polio, or commonly known as infantile paralysis.
Therefore, from my perspective, the three conditions above are all valid. The first is affordability thought technology. The second is accessibility through government mobilization. At this stage, what we are talking about is not treatment but rather public health. The emphasis is on preparation and prevention over treatment. The last one is correct medical knowledge through mass education, or what we call correct awareness. These three conditions are the key to the universal availability of a real global technology.
Question: Against the current complex international developments, how do we carry international medical cooperation more effectively?
COVID is still considered a pandemic instead of an epidemic. WHO has not made the announcement yet. But these three years has taught all humanity a lesson that viruses will roam the world if we don't share more healthcare products. From this sense, with this year being the tenth anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative and the proposal of building a human community of a shared future, I think more and more Chinese companies should make good use of their advanced technologies, or affordable technologies, to benefit the wider communities. Moreover, it should not just be giving the fish but carrying out technology transfer and commercialization and teaching how to fish. Only when the health of all humanity is guaranteed can we guarantee the health of each country.
Question: Please summarize your biggest expectation for the future of the healthcare sector with one sentence.
The world is ours as well as yours. But ultimately it belongs to the healthy and the long-living. Live your day to the fullest. How you live the day is how you live your life. Thank you.
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